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Anatoly Karpov
Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov, PhD ((ロシア語:Анато́лий Евге́ньевич Ка́рпов), ''Anatolij Evgen'evič Karpov''; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. He was the official world champion from 1975 to 1985 when he was defeated by Garry Kasparov. He played three matches against Kasparov for the title from 1986 to 1990, before becoming FIDE World Champion once again after Kasparov broke away from FIDE in 1993. He held the title until 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDE's new world championship rules. For his decades-long standing among the world's elite, Karpov is considered by many to be one of the greatest players of all time.
His tournament successes include over 160 first-place finishes.〔However, in his 1994 book "My Best Games" Karpov says he played some 200 tournaments and matches, and won more than 100.〕 He had a peak Elo rating of 2780, and his 90 total months at world number one is second all-time behind only Garry Kasparov since the inception of the FIDE ranking list in 1970.
Since 2005, he has been a member of the Public Chamber of Russia. He has recently involved himself in several humanitarian causes, such as advocating the use of iodised salt.〔(Unicef website )〕 On December 17, 2012, Karpov supported〔http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/79982〕 the law in the Russian Parliament banning adoption of Russian orphans by citizens of the US.
==Early life==
Karpov was born on May 23, 1951〔How Karpov Wins - Page xiii〕〔Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone - Page 44〕〔Chess Life & Review - Volume 33 - Page 539〕 at Zlatoust in the Urals region of the former Soviet Union, and learned to play chess at the age of four. His early rise in chess was swift, as he became a Candidate Master by age eleven. At twelve, he was accepted into Mikhail Botvinnik's prestigious chess school, though Botvinnik made the following remark about the young Karpov: "The boy does not have a clue about chess, and there's no future at all for him in this profession." Karpov acknowledged that his understanding of chess theory was very confused at that time, and wrote later that the homework which Botvinnik assigned greatly helped him, since it required that he consult chess books and work diligently. Karpov improved so quickly under Botvinnik's tutelage that he became the youngest Soviet National Master in history at fifteen in 1966; this tied the record established by Boris Spassky in 1952.
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